Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is the most important bacterial cause of pharyngitis, children from 5 – 15 years are most infected, Streptococcus pyogenes is responsible for 20% – 30% of sore throat in children. In this study, the females were more commonly infected with pharyngitis than males (63%) which agrees with study showing that the female infection more than males (57%). Isolation of Streptococcus pyogenes was 25.5% this is a high result compared with 11.3% reported in Ethiopia, 12% in Turkey. The study of shows 24.1% isolation percentage near to this study and agrees with 26% isolate of study. Our result has a lower rate than and studies which show 30% and 46% isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes.
Streptococcus pyogenes is sensitive to penicillin; different studies worldwide showed that like study from Iran, study from Senegal, study from Ethiopia, 1study from China and our study also showed that confirm the penicillin is still the drug of choice for the treatment of GAS pharyngitis.
Author(s) Details:
Minas Mohamed Balla Yousif
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan.
Adil Mergani
Department of Molecular and Immunogenetics, NCI, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan.
Mohamed Elamin A. M. E. Medani
Pediatric Cardiologist, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan.
Adam Dawoud Abakar
Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan.
Recent Global Research Developments in Prevalence and Treatment of GAS Pharyngitis in Children
Diagnosis and Management of GAS Pharyngitis in the United States (2011-2015): This study evaluated the diagnosis and treatment of GAS pharyngitis in over 11 million patients. It highlighted the use of rapid antigen detection tests (RADT) and nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) in reducing inappropriate antibiotic use [1] .
Understanding GAS Pharyngitis and Skin Infections as Causes of Rheumatic Fever: This prospective study from New Zealand focuses on the incidence of true GAS pharyngitis and the effectiveness of antibiotics in preventing acute rheumatic fever (ARF). It also explores the role of GAS skin infections in causing ARF [2] .
Primary Prevention of Acute Rheumatic Fever: This American Heart Association (AHA) scientific statement emphasizes the importance of proper identification and adequate antibiotic treatment of GAS tonsillopharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever [3] .
Research Opportunities for Primary Prevention and Management of GAS Infections: This article discusses the increased transmissibility of GAS in crowded settings and the need for effective interventions to reduce bacterial shedding and outbreaks [4] .
Global Burden of GAS Pharyngitis and Its Complications: This comprehensive review highlights the global prevalence of GAS pharyngitis and its complications, including ARF and rheumatic heart disease. It underscores the need for improved diagnostic and treatment strategies to reduce the disease burden.
References
- Luo, R., Sickler, J., Vahidnia, F. et al. Diagnosis and Management of Group a Streptococcal Pharyngitis in the United States, 2011–2015. BMC Infect Dis 19, 193 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-3835-4
- Bennett, J., Moreland, N.J., Oliver, J. et al. Understanding group A streptococcal pharyngitis and skin infections as causes of rheumatic fever: protocol for a prospective disease incidence study. BMC Infect Dis 19, 633 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-4126-9
- FEBRUARY, O. (2009). Prevention of rheumatic fever and diagnosis and treatment of acute streptococcal pharyngitis. Pediatrics, 123(6), 1609.
- Rwebembera, J., Cannon, J. W., Sanyahumbi, A., Sotoodehnia, N., Taubert, K., Yilgwan, C. S., … & Van Beneden, C. (2023). Research opportunities for the primary prevention and management of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: a national heart, lung, and blood Institute workshop report. BMJ Global Health, 8(Suppl 9), e012356.