PTS is a specific type of peripheral neuropathy targeting the nerves outside the central nervous system. PTS encompasses a diverse range of clinical manifestations. Typically, the patient experiences intense pain in the upper extremities, followed by neurological impairments. During the attack, the extent and distribution of the affected peripheral nerve’s pathology vary, including lumbosacral plexus, phrenic nerve, and recurrent laryngeal nerve.
The causes and mechanisms of PTS are not completely understood. Multiple factors, including genetic, environmental, and immunological predisposition, can contribute to the development of the condition. Most instances are caused by an autoimmune reaction, which can be triggered by infections or environmental factors. This response leads to inflammation of specific peripheral neurons due to the infiltration of lymphocytes. As a result, the nerves undergo degeneration and become constricted.
indicates the most common triggering factors described in the previous studies. Some researchers hypothesized that certain individuals have a genetic predisposition to acquiring PTS after being exposed to the stated events. An individual with a genetic predisposition may not show symptoms of the disease unless they encounter environmental or immunological factors that cause it to become active.
Author(s) Details:
Mohammad Asim Amjad
Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Texas Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
Zamara Hamid
Internal Medicine, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Yamini Patel
Internal Medicine, The Wright Center for Graduate Medical Educations, Scranton, PA, USA.
Mujtaba Husain
Internal Medicine, The Wright Center for Graduate Medical Educations, Scranton, PA, USA.
Ammad Saddique
Internal Medicine, The Wright Center for Graduate Medical Educations, Scranton, PA, USA.
Adnan Liaqat
Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mclaren Health/Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, USA.
Pius Ochieng
Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Geisinger Community Medical Center, Scranton, PA, USA.
Recent Global Research Developments in Systematic Review of Parsonage-Turner Syndrome in the Context of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
“Parsonage-Turner Syndrome Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review” – This review, published in Biomedicines in March 2023, investigates 26 cases of PTS in patients with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study highlights the variability in clinical presentations and the need for a high index of suspicion for PTS in these patients [1] .
“Parsonage-Turner syndrome, affecting suprascapular nerve and especially to infraspinatus muscles after COVID-19 vaccination in a professional wrestler: A case report and literature review” – Published in BMC Neurology in June 2024, this case report discusses a professional wrestler diagnosed with PTS after COVID-19 vaccination. It reviews similar cases and treatments, emphasizing the importance of considering PTS in differential diagnoses for shoulder-girdle complaints [2] .
“Association of Parsonage–Turner syndrome with COVID-19 infection and vaccination: A systematic review” – This review, published in Journal of International Medical Research in December 2022, explores the triggers, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and outcomes of PTS associated with COVID-19 infection and vaccination [3] .
“Parsonage-Turner Syndrome Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review” – Another systematic review published in MDPI Biomedicines in March 2023, this study focuses on the immune-mediated processes hypothesized to cause PTS, highlighting the need for standardized approaches to investigation and reporting [4] .
“Parsonage-Turner Syndrome and COVID-19: A Review of Current Literature” – This article, published in Neurology International in 2023, reviews the current literature on the association between PTS and COVID-19, discussing the clinical features, diagnosis, and management of PTS in the context of COVID-19.
References
- Cornea A, Lata I, Simu M, Rosca EC. Parsonage-Turner Syndrome Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review. Biomedicines. 2023 Mar;11(3):837. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030837. PMID: 36979815; PMCID: PMC10045449.
- Ganjeh, S., Aslani, H., Kalantari, K.K. et al. Parsonage-Turner syndrome, affecting suprascapular nerve and especially to infraspinatus muscles after COVID-19 vaccination in a professional wrestler, a case report and literature review of causes and treatments. BMC Neurol 24, 187 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-024-03694-0
- Ameer, M. Z., Haiy, A. U., Bajwa, M. H., Abeer, H., Mustafa, B., Ameer, F., … & Rehman, A. U. (2023). Association of Parsonage–Turner syndrome with COVID-19 infection and vaccination: a systematic review. Journal of International Medical Research, 51(7), 03000605231187939.
- Cornea A, Lata I, Simu M, Rosca EC. Parsonage-Turner Syndrome Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review. Biomedicines. 2023; 11(3):837. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11030837